Scottish legal education after Brexit

ABSTRACT

This paper offers some reflections on the possible consequences of Brexit for legal education in Scotland. Scotland’s small and distinctive legal system is bolstered by devolved legislative powers and characterised by a tradition of openness to external influences. Scotland’s legal system and relatedly, its legal education system, will be poorer for Brexit. That said, this paper argues that the features and traditions of the legal system and legal higher education system in Scotland make them well placed (and perhaps better placed than those in the other domestic jurisdictions) to resist such dampening pressures and indeed to embrace EU legacies and other European and international influences.     

The European Union as an opportunity: structures and uses of European soft law in French,Austrian and Irish eHealth policies

Abstract

Does European soft law matter? In order to answer this question, the article investigates the processes through which the European Union (EU) affects domestic politics and policies in the eHealth sector in France, Austria and Ireland. More precisely, it shows how the hardening of EU soft law creates a new rationale for the use of European instruments by domestic actors, thus expanding their strategic opportunities for policy making at the national level. Despite the empirical diversity of the cases, similar patterns of variation in Europeanisation mechanisms emerge over time, and the data show how the varying structure of European soft instruments (i.e. their degrees of ‘hardness’) accounts for these changes. This comparative analysis includes multiple process-tracing cases of eHealth public policy making in France, Austria and Ireland in which Europeanisation processes are at work.     

困境与出路:领域法理论下的警察法学发展

警察法学属于我国法律体系中不可或缺的板块,也是提升社会安全法治能力的理论抓手。遗憾的是,当前我国警察法学的发展深陷概念模糊化、体系碎片化、研究边缘化、教学粗浅化的困境,若不及时矫正,势必将警察法学的研究、教学和实践引入歧途。领域法是近年来新兴的法学理念,强调问题导向与解决策略,能有效融合法教义学与社科法学的思维特点。在领域法学的指引下,研究者需明确警察法学的领域概念,厘清警察法学的法律体系,夯实警察法学的理论体系,增加警察法学的实践色彩,强调在完善警察法学理论体系的同时,提升警察法学的实践与教学效用。     

Erzählungen des Kindes‐ und Erwachsenenschutzes: Eine Anwendung und Erweiterung des Narrative Policy Frameworks

The Child and Adult Protection Authorities (KESB) have been the subject of controversial discussion since their establishment in 2013. The reform of the Guardianship Law provided for an institutional shift away from local guardianship authorities to regional specialist authorities. This article uses the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) to examine the history of today’s controversy, simultaneously proposing an analytic strengthening of said framework. Previous NPF studies summarize policy actors into opponents and proponents. As a result, we do not know whether different actors use different narratives. We therefore separate the expert from the MP discourse. The analysis shows that the experts' arguments for a new institutional arrangement and a person‐oriented narrative dominated, which put the fundamental rights of the persons affected by guardianship measures up front. The study contributes to the understanding of the current controversy, in which a person‐oriented narrative seems to be dominant again, directed against the new authorities.     

U.S. child custody outcomes in cases involving parental alienation and abuse allegations: what do the data show?

ABSTRACT

Family court and abuse professionals have long been polarized over the use of parental alienation claims to discredit a mother alleging that the father has been abusive or is unsafe for the children. This paper reports the findings from an empirical study of ten years of U.S. cases involving abuse and alienation claims. The findings confirm that mothers’ claims of abuse, especially child physical or sexual abuse, increase their risk of losing custody, and that fathers’ cross-claims of alienation virtually double that risk. Alienation’s impact is gender-specific; fathers alleging mothers are abusive are not similarly undermined when mothers cross-claim alienation. In non-abuse cases, however, the data suggest that alienation has a more gender-neutral impact. These nuanced findings may help abuse and alienation professionals find some common ground.     

民事立法形式之忧

历史地看,"法典"与法表、刑鼎等一样,都属于早期成文法的表现形式,且其得名与使用的材质关系密切。近代以来,尤其是二战之后,为了因应社会经济形势的变迁,民事单行法或特别法游离于法典之外几乎成为一种趋势。此时继续保留相当程度上被掏空了的法典的民事法律母法的名义,其意义究竟何在,不无疑问。编纂民法典,对于中国的立法机制和法律适用传统都是一种挑战,新的法典与之前既存的民事单行法的关系究竟有何不同,如何协调其与过往前数十年间基于民事单行法所形成的法律运作体系的关系,如何确保后者不因新法的制定而被割裂、舍弃,都是需要认真讨论的问题。     

韩国金钱债权执行制度概述

在韩国,对金钱债权1的执行主要分为两个阶段,即对债权的押留阶段和现金化阶段。在金钱债权的押留阶段,韩国主要利用押留命令限制第三债务人对债务人清偿,同时禁止债务人对该债权的处分和领受。在金钱债权的现金化阶段,韩国主要利用推寻命令和转付命令对被押留债权进行现金化,将被押留债权转化为金钱,用所得价款清偿执行债务人的债务。我们需要利用比较研究的方法,研究和借鉴韩国关于金钱债权执行制度的法律规定和相关实务经验,不断完善我国关于债权执行制度的相关规定。     

中国共产党依法治国的历史经验

中国共产党早在根据地时期就在探索如何通过法律管理国家了。本文从六个方面总结了中国共产党依法治国的历史经验，即明确依法治国的战略定位、正确处理法治与人治的关系、处理好加强党的领导与维护法律权威的关系、处理好改革与法治的关系、建设法治文化、坚持从严治党。     

技术标准化下专利许可制度私法基础的困境及其超越

技术标准化下，专利权极有可能借助标准的力量得以扩张，专利许可的交易样态和力量对比发生了重大变化，传统专利许可制度的私法基础由于回应上的迟滞，出现了适应性困境，并使得建构其上的专利许可制度在技术标准化环境下平衡专利许可交易各方利益方面的制度功能绩效受到极大的抑制甚至是丧失。为回应技术标准化环境的新要求，重塑和升级现有专利许可制度，首当其冲的任务就是在检视传统专利许可私法基础的前提下，从具体人格、利益平衡以及契约自由限制等方面对其作出新的适应性阐释，以为技术标准化下专利许可制度的完善肃清理论的障碍。     

巨灾保险试点问题解析及对策研究

巨灾保险试点运营以来,在取得了一定的巨灾风险管理成效的同时困难也不断出现,因此,如何进一步推行巨灾保险,是一个亟待解决的问题。本文在论述以巨灾保险转嫁巨灾风险与自助、互助、公助的理念相契合,巨灾风险之"公众性"和"社群性"决定了巨灾保险政府介入的必要性和有限性,巨灾保险与大数法则的矛盾及其化解,巨灾保险试点运营存在的问题与政府介入的维度、方式及回弹性的基础上,对推行巨灾保险提出以下对策建议:设立"巨灾保险救助基金"和"巨灾储备金"并采取三级联保方式;推广和创新巨灾保险产品;通过扩大试点范围和强制保险等措施,解决巨灾保险试点运营存在的具体问题。